2022年考研英语：翻译技巧之被动语态
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1.译成汉语主动句
(1)原文中的主语在译文中仍做主语
示例
The conference is held on May 1st.
会议定于5月1号举行。
For him，the sense of inferiority has never been totally eradicated.
对于他来说，自卑感还没有消除。
(2)原文中的主语在译文中作宾语
示例
She was given a watch as a birthday gift by her best friend.
她的好朋友送给她一块手表作为生日礼物。
It would be astonishing if that loss were not keenly felt.
如果人们不强烈地感到损失，那倒是奇怪了。
有时英语被动句中没有出现by结构，而是由介词短语构成。翻译时可将介词短语中的名词或名词短语译成句子的主语。
示例
Various measures have been taken to improve the environment in our country.
我国已经采取了许多措施来改善我们的生活环境。
(3)常用被动句型的翻译
It is said that… 据说…
It is believed that… 据认为…
It is reported that… 据报道…
It is estimated that… 据估计…
It must be pointed that… 必须指出…
It must be admitted that… 必须承认…
It will be seen from this that… 由此可见…
It may be said without fear of exaggeration that… 可以毫不夸张地说…
It is generally considered that… 大家认为…
It is well known that… 大家知道(众所周知)…
It will be said that… 有人会说…
It was told that… 有人曾经说…
2.译成汉语被动句
这一类句子都是着重被动的动作
(1)“被…”或“给…”
示例
Any minute we should surely be spotted by our teacher.
我们随时都会被老师发现。
I started to explain that I could not do anything since my tools had been taken away from me，but she wouldn’t let me finish.
我开始解释，我不可能做任何事，因为我的工具已经给拿走了，但她不准我讲完。
(2)“遭、遭受”
示例
Our foreign policy is supported by the people all over the world.
我们的对外政策受到全世界人民的支持。
This area was striken by a heavy storm.
这个地区遭受了一场严重的暴风雪。
(3)“为……所”
示例
I was so impressed by these words that I used them later for a Christmas card.
我为这些话所深深感动后来我就把它们写在圣诞卡片上了。
(4)“把”、“使”、“由”
示例
Most letters from his wife are read to him by the nurse in the hospital.
他的妻子给他的信件，大多数是由医院里的护士念给他听的。
The famous hotel had been practically destroyed by the big fire.
大火使这家著名旅馆几乎全部毁灭。
These dangerous things couldn’t be stored in the room.
不能把危险的东西放在房间里。
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