职称英语《理工A》完形填空模拟题及答案(二）

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下面的短文有l5处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定l个最佳选项。

"Liquefaction" Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage

The massive subduction zone (俯冲带) earthquake in Japan caused a significant level of soil"liquefaction" (液化设施) that has surprised researchers with its __________ (51) severity, a new analysis shows.

"We've seen localized examples of soil liquefaction as extreme as this before, but the distance and __________ (52) of damage in Japan were unusually severe," said Scott Ashford, a professor of geotechnical engineering at Oregon State University. "Entire structures were tilted and sinking into the sediments (沉淀物) ," Ashford said. "The shifts in soil destroyed water, drain and gas pipelines, crippling the utilities and infrastructure these communities need to __________ (53). We saw some places that sank as much as four feet."

Some degree of soil liquefaction is common in almost any major earthquake. It's a phenomenon in which soils soaked with water, particularly recent sediments or sand, can lose much of their __________ (54) and flow during an earthquake. This can allow structures to shift or sink or __________ (55).

But most earthquakes are much __________ (56) than the recent event in Japan, Ashford said. The length of the Japanese earthquake, as much as five minutes, may force researchers to reconsider the extent of liquefaction damage possibly occurring in situations such as this.

"With such a long-lasting earthquake, we saw __________ (57) structures that might have been okay after 30 seconds just continued to sink and tilt as the shaking continued for several more minutes," he said. "And it was clear that younger sediments, and especially areas built on __________ (58) filled ground, are much more vulnerable."

The data provided by analyzing the Japanese earthquake, researchers said, should make it possible to improve the understanding of this soil __________ (59) and better prepare for it in the future. Ashford said it was critical for the team to collect the information quickly, __________ (60) damage was removed in the recovery efforts.

"There's no doubt that we'll learn things from what happened in Japanl0 thatl 1 will help us to reduce risks in other similar __________ (61)," Ashford said. "Future construction in some places may make more use of techniques known to reduce liquefaction, such as better compaction to make soils dense, or use of reinforcing stone columns."

Ashford pointed out that northern California have younger soils vulnerable to liquefaction—on the coast, near river deposits or in areas with filled ground. The "young" sediments, in geologic terms, may be those __________ (62) within the past 10,000 years or more. In Oregon, for instance, that describes much of downtown Portland, the Portland International Airport and other cities.

Anything __________ (63) a river and old flood plains is a suspect, and the Oregon Department of Transportation has already concluded that 1,100 bridges in the state are at risk from an earthquake. Fewer than 15 percent of them have been reinforced to __________ (64) collapse. Japan has suffered tremendous losses in the March 11 earthquake, but Japanese construction __________ (65) helped prevent many buildings from collapse- even as they tilted and sank into the ground.

51. A. internal

B. different

C. difficult

D. widespread

52. A. volume

B. length

C. extent

D. width

53. A. function

B. repair

C. build

D. remove

54. A. durability

B. strength

C. ability

D. property

55. A. ascend

B. compact

C. collapse

D. recover

56. A. shorter

B. longer

C. simpler

D. stranger

57. A. when

B. what

C. how

D. which

58. A. occasionally

B. frequently

C. specially

D. recently

59. A. development

B. phenomenon

C. formation

D. composition

60. A. unless

B. until

C. after

D. before

61. A. findings

B. locations

C. events

D. sources

62. A. delivered

B. deposited

C. destroyed

D. detached

63. A. near

B. from

C. inside

D. over

64. A. prevent

B. accelerate

C. predict

D. detect

65. A. styles

B. sites

C. costs

D. standards

。浸了水的砂土强度降低或消失。砂土随水流动，就会引发建筑物移位(shift)或下沉(sink)。再发展下去，建筑物就会倒塌(collapse)。故选c。

56.A。本题考查语义。地震持续的时问一般为数十秒。这次日本地震的时间长达5分钟。所以本题要填入的词应该是shorter，说明大多数地震的持续时间比它短。故选A。

57.C。本题考查疑问副词的用法。从意思上看，选how是正确的。when structures，whatstructures或which structures意思明显不通。因此C是正确答案。

58.D。本题考查语义。第三段第二句出现“particularly recent sediment…”，recent sediment浸水后就失去了强度。这提示了本题要选recently，因为建立在新近填就的土壤上的建筑物是最易被破坏的。因此D是正确选项。

59.B。本题考查语义。分析日本大地震得出的数据不会令科学家获得有关soil development(土壤发展)、soil formation(土壤形成)及soil composition(土壤构成)这些方面的知识。若选phenomenon，意思就是科学家的研究分析有助于他们了解到土壤浸水后的这类现象，以便作好防备，对付未来可能发生的同类现象。上下文意思很连贯，故选B。

60.D。本题考查逻辑关系。选unless，until或after都不合逻辑。本题句子的意思是：重建工作首先要清理废墟，这样地震现场就被破坏了。所以科学家要赶在重建工作开始之前收集好地震资料。故选D。

61.C。本题考查语义。本句的意思是：科学家无疑会从日本大地震中学到不少东西，从而有助于降低今后发生类似的地震时的风险。四个选项中只有events合适，similar events指的是“类似的地震事件”。若选findings(调查结果)、locations(地点)或sources(来源)，句子的意思就不对。因此C是正确选项。

62.B。本题考查形近词辨析。句中的those指代sediments，“young”sediments指那些年代少于或略超过一万年的sediments。deposit是“沉积”，与句子意思匹配，是答案。故选B。

63.A。本题考查介词。上一段说，younger soils是非常脆弱的。本句的anything指的是soils。哪些地方的soils疑似高危对象呢?如果指soils from/inside/over river and old flood plains是不合常理的，正确的选择应该是near，靠近河流和原洪泛区的土壤才是危险地区。因此A是答案。

64.A。本题考查语义。加固危桥的目的是为了防止坍塌。因此选项prevent是答案。

65.D。本题考查语义。在3月11日的日本大地震中，震区的建筑物倾斜、下沉，但没有倒塌。建筑上的什么因素起到了防塌的作用呢?当然不会是construction styles(建筑风格)、construction sites(建筑工地)或construction facilities(建筑设备)。日本的construction standards(建筑标准)才是防塌的关键因素。故选D。

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