2021年高考英语一轮复习讲解分析：阅读理解应用文

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应用文主要指说明性的应用文，包括各种广告、产品说明、旅游指南、报刊书信、公共通告和备忘录等;近两年高考试题中的阅读理解均侧重考查此类 。设题以细节理解题为主，热衷话题有：就业、旅游、电影、书籍等海报。

应用文类型的阅读文章一般说来比较易理解，文章类型以广告形式居多，设问根据文章的段落秩序，多以细节事实理解为主，答案的寻找可以根据问题中的关键字顺藤摸瓜，辅以适当的推理判断。

1. 先题后文

先读试题，了解试题考点;明确目的，快速捕捉，获取信息。

2. 题干定向

根据题干关键词到文中定位答案范围，按照题目顺序依次而下：问题与材料相同→对号入座;问题与原文相同→同义替换、归纳事实等。

3. 生词模糊

遇到生词;如与答题无关，直接跳过;涉及答题，则根据语境、构词法等猜词。

4. 信息补全

对于影响理解的省略句，可根据语境，将其补全。

(2020 • 全国卷I，A)

Train Information

All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding. For ticket information，please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30.

While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled，there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services.

Lost property(失物招领)

Call Lost Property on 13 16 17 during business hours for items lost on Queensland Rail services.

The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30am to 5:00pm and is located(位于)at Roma Street station.

Public holidays

On public holidays, generally a Sunday timetable operates. On certain major event days，i.e.

Australia Day, Anzac Day, sporting and cultural days, special additional services may operate.

Christmas Day services operate to a Christmas Day timetable，Before travel please visit translink. com. au or call TransLink on 13 12 30 anytime.

Customers using mobility devices

Many stations have wheelchair access from the car park or entrance to the station platforms.

For assistance, please Queensland Rail on 13 16 17.

Guardian trains (outbound)

DepartOriginDestinationArrive

6:42pmAltandiVarsity Lakes7:37pm

7:29pmCentralVarsity Lakes8:52pm

8:57pmFortitude ValleyVarsity Lakes9:52pm

11:02pmRoma StreetVarsity Lakes12:22am

21. What would you do get ticker information?

A. Call 13 16 17.B. Visit translink .com.au.

C. Ask at the local station.D. Check the train schedule.

22. At which station can you find the lost property office?

A. Altandi.B. Roma Street.C. Varsity Lakes.D. Fortitude Valley.

23. Which train would you take if you go from Central to Varsity Lakes?

A. 6:42 pm.B. 7:29 pm.C. 8:57 pm.D. 11:02 pm.

【答案】21. C 22. B 23. B

【解析】

这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些火车信息，包括失物招领、公共假期安排以及列车出发时间等信息。

【21题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段中For ticket information, please ask your local station or call 13 12 30.可知查询车票信息，请向您当地的车站询问或拨打131230。由此可知，你可以询问当地车站或拨打131230来获得车票信息。故选C。

【22题详解】

细节理解题。根据Lost property部分中The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30am to 5:00pm and is located at Roma Street station.可知失物招领处周一至周五早上7:30到下午5:00营业，位于罗马街车站。由此可知，在Roma Street你可以找到失物招领办公室。故选B。

【23题详解】

细节理解题。根据Guardian trans部分中信息，可知从起始地Central出发，开往目的地Varsity Lakes的火车是下午7:29开车。由此可知，如果你要从Central去往Varsity Lakes，你应当乘坐下午7:29的火车。故选B。

(2019 • 全国卷I，A)

Need a Job This Summer?

The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.

Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.

Jobs for Youth

If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible(符合条件) for this program. Which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.

Who is eligible: Youth 15—18 years old in select communities(社区).

Summer Company

Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.

Who is eligible: Students aged 15—29, returning to school in the fall.

Stewardship Youth Ranger Program

You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.

Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.

Summer Employment Opportunities(机会)

Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.

Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.

1. What is special about Summer Company?

A. It requires no training before employment.

B. It provides awards for running new businesses.

C. It allows one to work in the natural environment.

D. It offers more summer job opportunities.

2. What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program?

A. 15—18.B. 15—24.C. 15—29.D. 16—17.

3. Which program favors the disabled?

A. Jobs for Youth.B. Summer Company.

C. Stewardship Youth Ranger Program.D. Summer Employment Opportunities.

【文章大意】本文为应用文。省政府及其合作伙伴提供了许多项目来帮助学生暑期在找到工作，本文介绍了其中一些项目。

1. B【解析】细节理解题。根据Summer Company部分中的Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.可知，Summer Company为学生提供实践性的商业培训和高达3000美元的奖励，以启动和经营他们自己的暑期业务。“start and run their own summer businesses”即“为开办新的业务”，这对应B项中的“runn new businesses”，二者是词义之间的转述关系。故选B。

2. D【解析】细节理解题。根据Stewardship Youth Ranger Program部分中Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.可知，符合条件的学生是16岁或17岁的学生，但在今年12月31日之前未满18岁。由此得出，这个项目要求年龄在16-17岁之间。故选D。

3. D【解析】细节理解题。根据Summer Employment Opportunities部分中最后一句Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.可知，Summer Employment Opportunities有些职位是给残疾人的。故选D。

(2019 • 全国卷II，A)话题：书籍

My Favourite Books

Jo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series(系列) of lifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads.

Matilda

Roald Dahl

I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl’s writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful words. Matilda’s battles with her cruel me parents and the bossy headmisres, Miss Trunchbull, are equally fumy and frightening, but they’re also aspirational.

After Dark

Haruki Murakami

It’s about two sisters-Eri, a model who either won’t or can’t stop sleeping, and Mari, a young student. In trying to connect to her sister. Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse "night people" who are hiding secrets.

Gone Girl

Gillian Fynn

There was a bit of me that didn’t want to love this when everyone else on the planet did but the horror story is brilliant. There’s tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust. It’s a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise what’s going on is horribly enjoyable

The Stand

Stephen King

This is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around. After a serious flu outbreak wipes out 99.4% of the world’s population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those let. Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters ever.

9. Who does "I" refer to in the text?

A. Stephen King.B. Gillian Flynn.

C. Jo Usmar.D. Roald Dahl

10. Which of the following tells about Mari and Eri?

A. Cosmopolitan.B. Matilda.

C. After Dark.D. The Stand.

11. What kind of book is Gone Girl?)

A. A folk tale.B. A biography.

C. A love story.D. A horror story.

【文章大意】本文为一篇应用文。文章通过介绍乔·乌斯玛的最喜爱的四本不同题材的文学读物。

9. D【解析】词义猜测题。“I”出现的语句为：“I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl's writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful words.”文句表达了“I”对Roald Dahl评价。且开头第一段的最后一句意为：在这里，她(Jo Usmar)选了自己最喜欢的读物。由此可知，此处的“I”为：Jo Usmar. 故选D项。

10. B【解析】细节理解题。把“ Mari and Eri”作为定位词，可以找到《天黑之后》(After Dark)故选B项。

11. A【解析】细节理解题。“ Gone Girl”为定位词，找到文句There was a bit of me that didn't want to love this when everyone else on the planet did but the horror story is brilliant，故选A项。

(2019 • 全国卷III，A)话题：话剧开幕和新剧首映

OPENINGS AND PREVIEWS

Animals Out of Paper

Yolo!Productions and the Great Griffon present the play by Rajiv Joseph, in which an origami(折纸术) artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio. Merri Milwe directs. In previews. Opens Feb.12. (West Park Presbyterian Church, 165 W.86th St.212-868-4444.)

The Audience

Helen Mirren stars in the play by Peter Morgan, about Queen Elizabeth II of the UK and her private meetings with twelve Prime Ministers in the course of sixty years. Stephen Daldry directs. Also starring Dylan Baker and Judith Ivey. Previews begin Feb.14. (Schoenfeld, 236 W.45th St.212-239-6200.)

Hamilton

Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton, in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story. Thomas Kail directs. In previews. Opens Feb.17.(Public，425 Lafayette St.212-967-7555.)

On the Twentieth Century

Kristin Chenoweth and Peter Gallagher star in the musical comedy by Betty Comden and Adolph Green, about a Broadway producer who tries to win a movie star’s love during a cross-country train journey. Scott Ellis directs, for Roundabout Theatre Company. Previews begin Feb.12. (American Airlines Theatre, 227 W.42nd St.212-719-1300.)

6. What is the play by Rajiv Joseph probably about?

A. A type of art.B. A teenager’s studio.

C. A great teacher.D. A group of animals.

7. Who is the director of The Audience?

A. Helen Mirren.B. Peter Morgan.

C. Dylan Baker.D. Stephen Daldry.

8. Which play will you go to if you are interested in American history?

A. Animals Out of Paper.B. The Audience.

C. Hamilton.D. On the Twentieth Century.

【文章大意】这是一篇应用文。介绍了四场演出的主要内容，导演，时间，地点等信息。

6. A【解析】细节理解题。根据话剧Animals Out of Paper中的Productions and the Great Griffon present the play by Rajiv Joseph, in which an origami(折纸术) artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio.可知，Rajiv Joseph创作的的话剧是关于折纸的一种艺术。故选A。

7. D【解析】细节理解题。根据话剧The Audience的Stephen Daldry directs.可知，本剧是Stephen Daldry导演的。故选D。

8. C【解析】细节理解题。根据音乐剧Hamilton 的Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton, in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story.可知，该剧的主题是美国的诞生，由此可知，如果你对美国历史感兴趣，你可以看这部音乐剧。故选C。

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