考研考试答案
选课中心 APP下载
当前位置:首页 > 学历类 > 考研 > 考试答案 > 考前冲刺:2021年考研初试英语模拟试题(九)

考前冲刺:2021年考研初试英语模拟试题(九)

更新时间:2020-09-08 17:03:55 来源: 阅读量:

考研报名、考试、查分时间 免费短信提醒

广东

获取验证 立即预约

请填写图片验证码后获取短信验证码

看不清楚,换张图片

免费获取短信验证码

【摘要】 考必过小编为大家整理了关于考前冲刺:2021年考研初试英语模拟试题(九)的信息,希望可以帮助到大家,下面我们就一起来看下考前冲刺:2021年考研初试英语模拟试题(九)的具体内容吧!

考前冲刺:2021年考研初试英语模拟试题(九)

考研英语的一大难点在于词汇量积累上,因此阅读题一向是不少考生头疼的部分。下面,考必过为大家带来考研英语的一些模拟试题,正在备考的小伙伴赶紧练起来吧。

Rewards and punishments are used in different ways by different communities to maintain social order and preserve cultural values.In all cultures,parents must teach their children to avoid danger and to observe the community‘s moral precepts.Adults also condition each other’s observance of social norms,using methods ranging form mild forms of censure,such as looking away when someone makes an inappropriate remark,to imprisoning or executing inpiduals for behavior considered deviant or dangerous.The caning of American teenager Michael Fay in Singapore for vandalism in 1994 brought wide media attention to cultural differences in the application of punishment.Faced with increasing violence at home,many Americans endorsed Singapore‘s use of corporal punishment to maintain social order.Was Fay’s punishment effective? Whether he subsequently avoids vandalism is unknown,but the punishment did apparently lead to his avoidance of Singapore—which he left promptly.

The operant techniques societies use to maintain social control vary in part with the dangers and threats that confront them.The Gusii of Kenya,with a history of tribal warfare,face threats not only from outsiders but also from natural forces,including wild animals.Gusii parents tend to rely more on punishment and fear than on rewards in conditioning appropriate social behavior in their children.Caning,food deprivation,and withdrawing shelter and protection are common forms of punishment.

In contrast,the Mixtecans of Juxtlahuaca,Mexico,are a highly cohesive community,with little internal conflict,and social norms that encourage cooperation.Their social patterns appear adaptive,for the Mixtecans are dominated by the nearby Spanish Mexicans,who control the official government and many economic resources in their region.The Mixtecans do not generally impose fines or jail sentences or use physical punishment to deter aggression in either adults or children.Rather,they tend to rely on soothing persuasion.Social ostracism is the most feared punishment,and social ties within the community are very strong,so responses that reinforce these ties are effective in maintaining social order.

In the United States,fear of social ostracism or stigma was once a more powerful force in maintaining control over antisocial behavior,especially in small communities.Today,even imprisonment does not appear to be an adequate deterrent to many forms of crime,especially violent crime.Although one reason is the inconsistent application of punishment,another may be the fact that imprisonment no longer carries the intense stigma it once had,so that prison is no longer as an effective punishment.

1.The best title of this passage would be____.

[A] Crime and Punishment

[B] Reward and Punishment

[C] Social Order

2.According to the passage,what is a universal cultural norm in maintaining social order?

[A] Children must be obedient to their parents.

[B] People must publicly complain when someone misbehaves.

[C] People should do their parts to ensure that others comply with social rules.

[D] People should publicly humiliate the wrongdoers.

3.What can be inferred from the Michael Fay case?

[A] Many Americans were opposed to the corporal punishment that Michael Fay received in Singapore.

[B] The American media did not pay any attention to cultural differences until 1994.

[C] The caning was effective because Michael Fay subsequently refrained from vandalism.

[D] Michael Fay left Singapore immediately after the caning punishment.

4.What would a Gusii mother from Kenya most likely do to punish her children?

[A] To stop giving them pocket money.

[B] To persuade them in a gentle way.

[C] To verbally humiliate them.

[D] To threaten to expel them from the home.

5.The word“stigma”(in fourth paragraph)most probably means____.

[A] irony

[B] verbal

[C] persuasion

[D] bad reputation

以上就是考必过为大家带来的全部内容,希望能给大家一些帮助。考必过提醒:2021年考研预报名将在九月下旬开始,小伙伴们在复习时也不要忘了报名哦。最后,考必过预祝准备参加2021年考研的小伙伴都能取得优异的成绩。

以上就是考必过小编为大家整理的关于考前冲刺:2021年考研初试英语模拟试题(九)的相关信息,想了解更多考试最新资讯可以关注考必过。

分享到: 编辑:liuying